Galapagos

The entire Galapagos archipelago and its waters belong to Ecuador. The area is considered the world's second largest marine reserve with its 133,000 km2 and is classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site with a unique animal and plant life. The archipelago consists of 19 larger islands, 4 of which are inhabited, plus a further 110 uninhabited small islets and rocks. The islands are all volcanic islands and lie at the intersection of three continental plates. The islands belong to the northern part of the Nazca plate, on the border with the so-called Cocos plate in the north. To the west, it borders the South American continental plate. The Nazca plate is slowly drifting in a southeasterly direction towards the South American continental plate at a speed of about 5 cm per year. The movement causes new volcanoes to arise to the west and the most recent eruption on the Galapagos took place in March 2024 on the westernmost island of Fernandina. It is believed that the islands began to form five to ten million years ago and the difference in age between the islands varies, with the oldest, easternmost islands (San Cristóbal and Española) being several million years older than the westernmost (Isabela and Fernandina). The islands are believed to have been uninhabited until the first Spaniards from Panama arrived there in the 16th century. When we spoke to residents of Santa Cruz, many referred to the “Pirate age”. It turned out to be a period in the 16th and 17th centuries when many pirate ships, who made plundering raids on the mainland, were able to escape to the archipelago and, among other things, feed on the large land tortoises that were on the islands. In fact, the name Galapagos means tortoise.

Unfortunately, the first visitors to the islands brought with them other animal species that caused damage to the islands. Perhaps the worst was the rats, which multiplied rapidly and fed on the animals that were already on the islands; baby turtles, lizards, small iguanas, etc. The lack of mammals and larger predators meant that the species that lived on the islands became easy prey as they were completely fearless. To solve the rat problem, cats were eventually introduced, but they found lizards, iguanas and fearless birds being easier prey than the cautious rats. On several islands, entire species got extinguished because of this. Goats and stray dogs have also been major problems. Dogs are now only kept as pets and under control. Feral cats are still found on some islands. We ourselves saw a small wild cat chasing a lizard when we walked to a beach on Santa Cruz. In recent years, it has been possible to remove all foreign species on some islands and several projects are underway to replant many of the animals and plants that have disappeared. However, it is also known that several species have unfortunately become completely extinct.

During the 25 days we stayed in the Galapagos, we stayed anchored in Academy Bay near the town of Puerto Ayora on the main island of Santa Cruz. It is also allowed to sail to three more islands in the archipelago, but after just a few days, we didn't think it was worth the trouble with the permits that we had to arrange with our agent for each island. At each island you have to clear in and out and pay a small national park fee in addition to the fees we had already paid to be able to sail here at all. In addition, Puerto Ayora was the port with the best facilities and where it was easiest to refuel the boat and be able to clear out of the Galapagos when leaving. It is clear that the islanders focus on tourists who come to the islands by plane to be able to service them when they ask for accommodations, food, activities, etc. Leisure boat tourists, like us, requires more work with checks of the boat and crew and less income for the islands. To get to and from the island from the boat, we could call a taxi boat. It cost a dollar per person and was well worth the small fee. You can use your own dinghy if you want, but in reality, it is not possible as there is nowhere to dock on land. In addition, the sea lions could quickly take possession of the boat for their rest when they are not catching fish in the sea outside. When we stepped ashore on Santa Cruz, it was amazing to see how fearless all the animals we encountered were. Sea lions and iguanas lay calmly sunbathing in the middle of the hustle and bustle of the city of Puerto Ayora and various birds sat completely fearlessly in the middle of visitors and preened their feathers. Tourism makes up more than 80% of the islands' economy and we quickly realized that here, as in many other places we have visited, they do everything they can to make a few pennies from visitors. The taxi boats were just one example. In Puerto Ayora, the streets were full of small travel agencies offering tickets for fast ferries between the islands, sightseeing tours on land as well as diving or snorkeling trips. Drivers hailed from their white pickup taxis and asked if we wanted a ride. There are very few areas on the islands where you can roam freely in nature or snorkel on your own. Basically, all places require you to have a guide with you. The lasting impression was like being in a gigantic zoo. However, it must be admitted that the guided tours were well organized and the guides were consistently very knowledgeable. We also made sure that they were kept busy, as inquisitive as we are…😊. Nowadays, all guides and park rangers in the Galapagos must be certified and continuously trained and also reside on one of the islands. Everyone we met was also really professional and concerned that we would have a good experience but also very clear about the rules that applied so as not to harm animals or plants in any way.

The first visit we made, was to the Charles Darwin Research Station. Here we were given a brief overview of Darwin's visit to the islands in 1835 and how his studies of life on the Galapagos played a role in his theory of natural selection. Among other things, he was able to see with his own eyes how finches had adapted over time on the different islands depending on what food they could mainly eat. The shape of the beaks had changed and looked different depending on which island the finches lived on. It was a somewhat reverent moment for us to visit places that have become so important for our understanding of how species developed on earth... The research center also breeds several of the 15 different species of large tortoises found on the different islands. They wait until the tortoises are 5 years old before they are released. Only then are the tortoises' shells hard enough to prevent them from falling victim to rats. 5 years may seem like a lot, but on the other hand, tortoises live around 150 years! The research center is very active in various educational projects for both residents and visitors. Scientists from all over the world come here to study animal and plant life on land and in the sea. Many projects are focused on the conservation of endangered species and restoration. Other projects aim to find more sustainable energy alternatives on the islands and how to tackle the problem of the enormous amount of plastic waste that flows ashore on the islands via ocean currents. Illegal fishing in the seas outside is another major problem that is being addressed, where unfortunately China stands out as being particularly active. Since the fishing boats turn off their transponders, AIS, etc., they become almost impossible to track for the few coast guard vessels that patrol the entire reserve. We ourselves have been surprised when we have sailed at night and suddenly seen lights from fishing boats appear just a few nautical miles away that we have not been able to track via our plotter (AIS). When we have sailed past them, they have turned off their lanterns again and thus made themselves completely invisible again. Now we understand what could have been the reason…

We also visited a reserve for land tortoises and saw them roaming around completely freely. They like to graze together with the cows that are kept on the island and the tortoises are so big that they sometimes force their way through the cow enclosures so that the cows also come out – much to the farmers’ annoyance. On the way there, we saw giant land tortoises crossing the roads in slow motion, where traffic had to stop to let them pass. The taxi driver told us that only park rangers are allowed to move tortoises that are on the road and drivers can be fined the equivalent of several months’ wages and even jail time if they hit a tortoise. It’s simply a matter of being patient…

We also booked a snorkeling trip to the small island of Pinzón to see more of the underwater life. Unfortunately, the visibility was poor but we managed to film some of it. In fact, where Anastacia was lying, there was also a lot of life, both in and on the water. Reef sharks, large sea turtles and iguanas swam around the boat. A lot of different seabirds, in addition to the more common frigate birds and pelicans, visited us. We saw several Blue Footed Boobys which have become a bit of a symbol of the Galapagos. Then we have a special relationship with a Galapagos heron which often returned and almost settled on the boat. We called the bird Sture but had no idea if it was a female or a male. Sture seemed to think the boat was a perfect place to stand to watch for fish. We also saw him catch a fish which turned out to be too big for him to swallow. After several failed attempts Sture released the fish into our cockpit and watched for more fish. The next day the fish was still there and had probably been desperately squirming around before it finally died so we had to clean up the entire cockpit. Christer threw the fish into the sea and Sture, who was still sitting on the railing, looked at him angrily. Apparently, he thought it was a shame to throw away the food he had spent so much energy catching… We were also soon visited by a sea lion who parked on Anastacia’s small swimming platform. We had thought that the platform was too small for sea lions, but this individual didn’t think so and stayed there all night. Unfortunately, the sea lion left a big business card behind on the platform that smelled really bad and we had to spend a good while washing everything off. After that, we placed two large ball fenders in the stern and avoided further visits.

Christmas was celebrated with traditional Christmas porridge made from plain rice and other improvised food for our small Christmas table on the boat. Of course, we had made sure to bring the obligatory Italian Panettone, bought in Panama, which we enjoyed with our coffee. New Year's Eve, which was also Christer's birthday, was first celebrated with breakfast on the boat with cream cake and a little later in the day, homemade birthday panna cotta garnished with toasted, candied coconut flakes was served, followed by gift-giving and beautiful singing performed by the lady on the boat. In the evening, we had a delicious sea-inspired dinner at a nice restaurant where we got a table on a balcony overlooking the water. Then we celebrated the old year with thousands of other Galapagos residents from both Santa Cruz and other islands + a lot of tourists who strolled the streets and bought something from the street vendors who crowded along the main street in Puerto Ayora. A small funfair with a train track for the youngest visitors had been set up at one end of the street. To our surprise, we saw that the staff, with young, enthusiastic helpers, were helping to push the train with all the carriages around the track. The children rode and screamed with delight and had fun and the parents watched. Just like at any other funfair, although this one was operated by hand without motors or electricity 😊. The city had also arranged entertainment throughout the evening and night in the square, with artists from Colombia, among others. At midnight, the cheers broke out. No fireworks or light shows but a thunderous roar from the stage and cheering people everywhere. At two o'clock we took a boat taxi back to Anastacia and heard the music from the harbor well into the morning. When we, on January 2nd, went ashore again to buy some vegetables, we were surprised that so few shops were open. Now we found out that the Ecuadorian president, Daniel Noboa, had declared a national holiday from New Year's until after the Epiphany! We had to wait with the vegetables…

The only disappointment during our visit was that we had a cold last week, which meant we had to cancel a diving trip to the island Isla Seymour Norte, just north of Santa Cruz. There we could have seen more species, including reef sharks and hammerhead sharks! However, we hope to have that chance later on in our sailing. Now we are preparing the boat for the longest crossing we will make. We have just over 3000 nautical miles to sail to the island of Nuku Hiva, in the Marquesas archipelago, French Polynesia. After a few administrative procedures, we will set off tomorrow and expect to arrive in 25-30 days. We also operate a postal service, albeit on a very small scale. On the way here, we delivered a small oil pump that the agent here had ordered from Panama. We will bring a package to Polynesia for a sailor who had to leave the Galapagos before the package from his parents arrived here. To be safe, we check the contents before we set off 😊 If we had visited the island of Floreana here in the Galapagos, we could have visited Post Office Bay founded in 1793 where former whalers could leave letters and at the same time see if there were letters addressed to the destination they were sailing to... This unofficial post office is said to still be used today by sailors.

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